Getting to grips with E-files & bits

Polish up your knowledge of E-file terminology, bits & correct procedures with REBECCA HITCHON’S roundup of expert advice & product picks

Offering a way to slash treatment times and reduce strain caused by hand filing, the electric file (E-file) has revolutionised the nail game.

They provide increased precision and versatility compared to manual files, and the device has become a staple in many professionals’ kits.

“E-files are powered by electric motors, so greatly reduce the amount of physical exertion required during a nail service, and relieve pressure on a tech’s hands, wrists, shoulders and back,” explains Katie Clark, founder of Katie Barnes Tool Range & Education. “New technology has allowed for lightweight, powerful machines, meaning E-files can achieve a greater degree of accuracy, precision and efficiency for a variety of techniques, from debulking to hard skin removal during pedicures and cuticle prep.”

Despite their many benefits, E-files have experienced their fair share of bad press – but it’s not down to their makeup.

A professional tool, they require training to be used safely, but untrained users have contributed to a negative outlook. “When used correctly and with proper education, E-files are perfectly safe and can dramatically reduce nail prep and product removal time, which means less stress on the tech,” explains Jenni Draper, celebrity manicurist, educator & founder of the PersoNAILity brand.

The E-file dictionary

RPM

“RPM stands for Revolutions/Rotations Per Minute, and is the speed of the E-file when the bit is spinning in the handpiece,” shares Jenni Draper. “Typically, the higher the RPM, the faster the bit rotates. Therefore, a low RPM should be used when working on natural nails or prepping/finishing near the cuticle area, and a higher RPM should be used for debulking, for example. It is important to choose an E-file where you can adjust the RPM depending on your bit and service.”

“For natural nails, an RPM level of around 15,000 should suffice,” reveals Katie Clark. “If working on enhancements, pros should consider a machine with an RPM capacity of 25,000 or higher.”

Torque

“Torque is the power behind the speed that the E-file rotates, while in contact with a friction point,” Jenni Draper describes. “It’s the rotational force generated in the handpiece and is measured in newton centimetres (N/cm). RPM and torque need each other – without torque, it doesn’t matter how high the RPM is, an E-file will skip or stop. At PersoNAILity, we recommend a torque of 3N/cm or higher.”

“A machine with high torque will be able to handle the opposing force without losing speed, completing the chosen nail process quicker, easier and more safely,” adds Lucy James, founder & CEO of Lucy James Willow Academy Ltd. “E-file machines with a low torque will struggle to carry on rotating at the set speed when in contact with the nail, as the handpiece won’t have a strong enough motor to continue the spinning action. The E-file will then vibrate and be more likely to cause damage.”

Grit

“Grit refers to the coarseness of an E-file bit’s surface,” details a MelodySusie product development representative. “Coarse grits are ideal for heavy duty product removal; medium and fine grits are suited to gel polish and soft gel removal, and extra-fine grits are used for polishing, smoothing and base gel removal. The higher the grit number, the finer the bit.”

Handpiece

“The handpiece is the most important part of your E-file: it’s where the motor, technology and ultimately, the most expensive parts are housed,” notes Jenni Draper. “The battery pack is just the power control. It provides the electricity to the handpiece and allows you to turn it on and off and control the speed.”

KUPA Manipro KP-55 Handpiece £265 + VAT www.sweetsquared.com

PURCHASING AN E-FILE: A CHECKLIST

✔️Purchase from a reputable professional brand that also provides high-quality training for its E-file range, as undertaking this training is the best way to ensure the tools are being used correctly,” says Giorgia

Cappella, head of education & spa at The GelBottle Inc.

✔️ “Ensure the retailer provides plenty of information about its products and offers additional support and aftercare where needed,” comments Lucy James. “E-file specialists should be able to tell you about their machines, bits, longevity, service and more.”

✔️ “Consider ergonomics and design, choosing a handpiece that feels comfortable and lightweight, to reduce strain and allow for easy manoeuvrability,” shares Katie Clark. “Also ensure that the E-file device is well-assembled, robust and produced from durable materials.”

✔️ “The E-file should be quiet, so that you can comfortably hold a conversation with clients, and have a low vibration to prevent strain,” notes Jenni Draper.

✔️ “Check that the E-file has a battery life suited to your work demands,” says Katie Clark.

✔️ “As with anything electrical, make sure the E-file comes with a guarantee and purchase support,” advises Jenni Draper.

✔️ “The E-file should accommodate various bits and the standard E-file shank size of 3/32-inch,” details Katie Clark.

✔️ “Buying cheap can be a false economy: remember ‘buy cheap, buy twice’,” shares Jenni Draper.

✔️ Do you want your E-file to be easy to transport? If so, consider its size and whether a rechargeable, wireless option is best.

Gelish Go File IQ Hybrid Electric File £399.99 + VAT www.gelishmorgantaylor.co.uk Gelish MINI On The Go Electric Nail File £29.99 + VAT www.gelishmorgantaylor.co.uk

BAD PRESS TO NO STRESS “Clients may have their doubts about E-files, perhaps after having a bad experience with an untrained nail tech,” says a spokesperson from Sweet Squared. “Have an open and honest discussion with them. If they have been coming to you for a while, they will trust your judgment. If they’re a new client, reassure them. Remember, you are a professional who has undertaken proper training.”

Types of E-file bits

Carbide

“Carbide bits are extremely durable, usually made from tungsten carbide metal that is twice as strong and dense as steel,” reveals Katie Clark. “They are ideal for debulking and removing product, as well as cutting and shaping nails. Carbide bits have flute-like cuts, which enable them to shave off product. Their grits are determined by these flutes: deep and large flutes create a coarse grit, while shallower flutes indicate a finer grit. Five-in-one bits have more than one grit. Carbide bits should be used at a speed of 15,000 to 30,000 RPM depending on technique, and can be easily cleaned, disinfected and sterilised.” They should never be used on the natural nail.

Ceramic

“Like carbide bits, ceramic bits are very durable and can have flute-like cuts to shave product from the nail efficiently,” says Katie Clark. “Available in several grits, they are often used for product removal, and should be worked with at an RPM between 10,000 to 25,000, depending on the technique. Ceramic bits can be cleaned and disinfected, but not sterilised. Some bits are only ceramic-coated, which must be checked when purchasing, as these will not last as long.”

Diamond

“When it comes to natural nail or cuticle work, reach for diamond bits,” details a MelodySusie representative for product development. “These metal barrels are coated with tiny diamond particles, which make them suited to cleaning around the cuticle or prepping the nail surface.”

“Diamond bits work in a scratching motion to remove non-living tissue from the nail plate, exfoliate the surrounding skin tissue and lift the proximal nail fold,” adds Sadie Hynes, founder of the NIBOVI brand & lead educator.

Katie Clark adds that diamond bits should be used at a speed of 5,000 to 15,000 RPM, and can be cleaned, disinfected and sterilised.

Mandrel bits & sanding bands

“Mandrel bits, produced from rubber or metal, are designed to be used in tandem with sanding bands – which are made from sandpaper and need to be replaced after each use,” shares Katie Clark. “These are ideal for refining and natural nail prep, and should be used at 1,000 to 7,000 RPM on natural nails, and 7,000 to 20,000 RPM on enhancements.”

Silicone

“Silicone bits are suited to polishing and buffing natural nails or enhancements to a high gloss,” comments a MelodySusie product development representative. “These E-file bits should be used at around 25,000 RPM, and can be sanitised but not disinfected or sterilised,” adds Katie Clark.

COARSENESS CORNER

E-file bits display coloured bands to showcase their coarseness: Yellow = fine.

Shape spotlight

“Barrel bits are great for levelling or smoothing large areas, while tapered bits offer precision when shaping or cleaning edges,” explains a MelodySusie representative. “For tight spots or intricate details, like cleaning under the nail, cone or needle bits are ideal, and if cleaning up the cuticle area, a ball bit is gentle and effective.”

BRAND FACT

“NIBOVI has redesigned its product packaging, to showcase if its E-file bits are for step one, two or three of the nail service, and which type of cuticle they are suitable for – such as delicate, average or thickened,” reveals founder, Sadie Hynes. “The information is on the side of the packaging, so manicurists know exactly which tool they need to use and when.”

Choosing the correct E-file bit: a crucial step

“Different E-file bits are designed for specific purposes, meaning that their shapes, grits and recommended speeds have been carefully tested and chosen to be most effective,” explains Giorgia Cappella. “This is why it is important to use the correct E-file bit for the correct task.”

“Selecting the right bit is essential to achieve professional results safely, ensuring efficient, high-quality work while preserving the health of nails,” adds Sara Pinto, Andreia Professional product director. “The wrong bit can cause unnecessary friction, damage to the natural nail and leave a rough finish.”

“Misusing E-file bits can result in injury – for example, coarse bits used inappropriately can cut or burn a client’s skin, nail plate or even the nail bed, leading to pain, bleeding and possible infection,” shares Halo VIP, Michaela Phillips. “It can also cause damage to natural nails, resulting in thinning, splitting or permanent damage to the nail structure, as well as an uneven texture and visible flaws. This can impact the client’s satisfaction and potentially their trust in the nail technician.

“Alongside effects on the client, using E-file bits for tasks they’re not designed for can put extra strain on the E-file machine and bits, leading to overheating and reducing their lifespan,” Michaela continues.

“Lastly, misusing bits often means the tech has to spend extra time correcting their work, which puts additional wear on the tools.”

How many bits?

“As a nail tech, I understand how easy it is to run over between clients, and how important it is to have time between appointments to decompress – so owning enough E-file bits to get though a full day or half day is really helpful,” says Lucy James. “This means that you only need to clean your E-file bits once or twice a day.”

“A well-rounded collection of E-file bits includes about five to six bits, covering tasks like product removal, smoothing and refining,” notes Sara Pinto. “This allows you to handle a variety of services without owning unnecessary tools. Investing in quality over quantity ensures each bit performs optimally and lasts longer.”

“The number of E-file bits you should own depends on the services you provide,” adds a MelodySusie product development representative. “At a minimum, you should have a couple of bits for removal, like a coarse tungsten bit for use on L&P acrylic and hard gel and a medium diamond or ceramic bit for gel polish and dip powder. Then, you’ll need a bit for natural nail preparation. Fine diamond bits or sanding bands work well for this.

“For cuticle work, there are different options: a flame or needle bit for detailed cuticle cleaning or lifting the nail fold, a tapered bit for pushing the fold and a ball bit for removing dead skin,” the representative continues. “Next, think about shaping and finishing. A fine or extra-fine barrel bit is great for smoothing enhancements, and an extra-fine polishing bit will achieve a high-shine finish. If your clients prefer longer nails, a long, tapered tungsten carbide bit is ideal for shaping and smoothing. Finally, if you offer advanced services like nail art or under nail cleaning, consider a tapered or cone bit, and if you offer pedicures, a coarse bit is suited to callus removal.”

A note about right & left-handed use

“When working with an E-file, the correct direction to usage is essential – as if not correct, you will feel resistance and possibly experience skipping or jumping,” says Katie Clark. “Typically, it is said that left-handed E-file users should work in reverse direction and right-handed users should work in forward direction, however this is not always applicable. The direction depends on that in which the user works, which may not be the assumed way. If you work right to left, you should work in forward direction and if you work left to right, you should work in reverse direction. Depending on techniques, you may also need to change direction during a service.

“Most E-file bits are created universally,” Katie continues. “Directional bits have their teeth machined so that they are most effective in one direction. However, I prefer purchasing high-quality universal bits. This only usually applies to carbide bits and not diamond bits, as these tend to be sold as universal as standard.”

Top tips for use

Experts share their advice for getting the best results from E-file machines and bits...

Sara Pinto:

• “Begin with a low speed until you’re comfortable, and increase as needed.

• Use minimal pressure, letting the E-file and bit do the work.

• Avoid using an E-file in one spot for too long, to prevent heat build-up and

Katie Clark:

• “Generally, use a lower speed for work on the cuticle area, a medium speed for infilling and refining the concave/convex shape at the tips, and a faster speed for shaping.

• Always angle the client’s hand, instead of manoeuvring the E-file around the nail.

• Have a firm grip on your client’s fingers, to eliminate any unnecessary and uncomfortable vibrations from the E-file. Proper balancing requires you to brace your pinky or ring finger against your other hand as you work, which is often referred to as a ‘fulcrum finger’.”

MelodySusie:

• “One of the biggest mistakes that beginner E-file users make is applying uneven pressure, which results in an uneven nail surface. Pressing too hard can also leave the client with thinning nails or grooves.

• Use the correct E-file bit for the task at hand, for example cuticle bits for cuticle work, coarse bits for removal and extra-fine bits for natural nail buffing.

• Pay attention to the angle of the E-file bit. Ideally, the bit should be at a slight angle, around 15 to 20 degrees, rather than flat or vertical against the nail. This allows for better control and prevents over-filing.”

Maintenance musts

“Regular maintenance keeps your tools hygienic, extends their lives and ensures smooth operation,” notes Sara Pinto. This relates to using your E-file and bits as intended to avoid wear and tear and overheating, handling the machine and bits with care and cleaning them correctly.

“Different brands may suggest different cleaning methods for their tools, depending on their material, and some may recommend specific products, so ensure you research this,” advises Giorgia Cappella.

Cleaning an E-file machine “Clean an E-file machine with a dry microfibre cloth to remove dust, and if there is dust build-up, remove this with canned air,” recommends Katie Clark. “Never clean your E-file machine or handpiece with liquid, including wipes. The moisture will get inside the handpiece and due to the tight tolerances inside, once moisture gets inside, it cannot evaporate. This will cause corrosion of the internal components, resulting in machine failure.”

“Make sure all E-file parts are dry and unplugged before cleaning the machine, and store it in a dry, safe place,” comments a MelodySusie representative for product development. “During appointments, keep dust away from the opening of the E-file handpiece when inserting and removing bits, to avoid packing it inside, and be careful not to tangle, bend or pull the cords,” adds Jenni Draper.

Cleaning E-file bits E-file bits must be cleaned after each use, and the first step of this process is using a stiff wire brush to remove dust and debris. Following this, bits must be washed in warm, soapy water to remove unseen residue, either manually or via an ultrasonic device. The next step is to disinfect using your chosen solution.

“To prevent oxidation, discolouration and rust, it is essential to thoroughly dry E-file bits,” Katie Clark shares. “Use a microfibre cloth or hairdryer with a low setting. Do not allow to air dry, as this will allow the chemical process of oxidation to commence.” A MelodySusie representative concludes: “Store E-file bits in a clean container until you use them again.”

“Selecting the right bit is essential to achieve professional results safely, ensuring efficient, high-quality work while preserving the health of nails.”

“It is essential to be qualified to use an E-file machine, as it ensures you can use it safely and to its full potential.”

Training talk

“It is essential to be qualified to use an E-file machine, as it ensures you can use it safely and to its full potential,” says Lucy James. “Without an accredited qualification, you also aren’t covered by your insurance company to use the tool.”

“You can’t beat in-person E-file training, as there is a lot of information to absorb,” comments Sadie Hynes. “Positioning and technique need to be observed and tweaked to ensure you are getting the most out of your tools, which can be challenging to master via online training.”

“Regular training ensures you’re up-to-date with techniques and aware of any safety improvements,” concludes Sara Pinto. “By using proper techniques, you maximise the lifespan of your tools and increase your confidence.”

The E-file Society

Are you an E-file tech that wants to surround yourself with like-minded E-file users, while boosting your understanding? Willow Academy Ltd has launched The E-file Society: a community space to help pros do just that. “The Society allows Willow to share knowledge with our customers, and provides members with a safe space to chat and ask for help, continue their professional development, learn about upcoming Willow events and products, and be inspired to try new E-file bits and techniques,” shares Lucy James.

“The biggest unique selling point of The E-file Society is the knowledge we can share. Unfortunately, Instagram doesn’t seem to promote in-depth, informed videos, so we have not been able to guide Willow customers as we much as we would like,” Lucy continues. “Via The Society, we can offer tips and tricks in masterclasses, theory-based seminars, workshops and events.”

The first major event for The E-file Society will be a summer ball this year. Pros can purchase a year’s membership to the Society for a one-off fee of £19.99 + VAT via www.willowacademy.com, and there are plans to offer a second subscription to offer a more in-depth, masterclass-style learning platform.